Dan Geer suggests: in light of the Texas fiasco (RISKS-32.50), it might be worth your checking this item out: Article in the current *IEEE Computer *: 21 Years of Distributed Denial-of-Service: Current State of Affairs Eric Osterweil and Angelos Stavrou, George Mason University and Lixia Zhang, UCLA https://cs.gmu.edu/~eoster/doc/21-ddos-current.pdf